Face Culture in China

Although in the West we talk about â€Å"saving face† on occasion, the concept of â€Å"face† (é  ¢Ã¥ ­ is far more deeply-rooted in China, and it’s something you’ll hear people talk about all the time. Face Just like in the English expression â€Å"saving face,† the â€Å"face† we’re talking about here isn’t a literal face. Rather, it’s a metaphor for a person’s reputation amongst their peers. So, for example, if you hear it said that someone â€Å"has face,† that means that they have a good reputation. Someone who doesn’t have face is someone who has a very bad reputation. Common Expressions Involving Face Having face (æÅ"‰é  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Having a good reputation or good social standing.Not having face (æ ² ¡Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Not having a good reputation or having bad social standing.Giving face (ç »â„¢Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Giving deference to someone in order to improve their standing or reputation, or to pay homage to their superior reputation or standing.Losing face (ä ¸ ¢Ã¨â€ž ¸): Losing social status or hurting one’s reputation.Not wanting face (ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨â€ž ¸): Acting shamelessly in a way that suggests one doesn’t care about one’s own reputation. Face in Chinese Society Although there are obviously exceptions, in general, Chinese society is quite conscious of hierarchy and reputation among social groups. People who have good reputations can buoy the social standing of others by â€Å"giving them face† in various ways. At school, for example, if a popular child chooses to play or do a project with a new student who’s not well known, the popular child is giving the new student face, and improving their reputation and social standing within the group. Similarly, if a child tries to join a group that’s popular and is rebuffed, they will have lost face. Obviously, a consciousness of reputation is quite common in the West as well, especially among particular social groups. The difference in China may be that it’s frequently and openly discussed and that there is no real â€Å"brown-noser† stigma associated with actively pursuing improving one’s own standing and reputation the way there sometimes is in the West. Because of the importance that’s placed on the maintenance of face, some of China’s most common and most cutting insults also revolve around the concept. â€Å"What a loss of face!† is a common exclamation from the crowd whenever someone is making a fool of themselves or doing something they shouldn’t, and if someone says that you don’t even want face (ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨â€ž ¸), then you know that they have a very low opinion of you indeed. Face in Chinese Business Culture One of the most obvious ways in which this plays out is the avoidance of public criticism in all but the direst of circumstances. Where in a Western business meeting a boss might criticize an employee’s proposal, for example, direct criticism would be uncommon in a Chinese business meeting because it would cause the person being criticized to lose face. Criticism, when it must be, is generally passed along in private so that the criticized party’s reputation will not be hurt. It is also common to express criticism indirectly by simply avoiding or redirecting discussion of something rather than acknowledging or agreeing with it. If you make a pitch in a meeting and a Chinese colleague says, â€Å"That’s very interesting and worth considering† but then changes the subject, chances are they didn’t find your idea interesting at all. They’re just trying to help you save face. Since much of China’s business culture is based on personal relationships (guanxi å… ³Ã§ ³ »), giving face is also a tool that is frequently used in making inroads into new social circles. If you can get the endorsement of one particular person of high social standing, that person’s approval and standing within their peer group can â€Å"give† you the â€Å"face† that you need to be more broadly accepted by their peers.

How Cognitive Load Affects The Brain Essay - 1889 Words

Studying seems to be something every college students puts off until the last minute. Or something they just completely ignore, relying on their memorization skills to hopefully have improved since the material was covered last. Undergraduate students have a habit of using either cramming or spacing as their study methods before an exam. Cognitive load not only impacts how much an individual can remember at the moment, but it also impacts how much an individual can remember over time. While some students believe cramming before a big exam is the best for them, studies on how cognitive load impacts the brain say otherwise. In order to improve memorization as well as test scores, it is best for students to understand their cognitive loads, and how it affects their everyday lives. In Nicholas Carr’s article â€Å"Cognitive Load,† he introduces cognitive overload as a reoccurring element in everyday life. Carr describes working memory as the mind’s temporary infor mation store. Furthermore, he believes that if instead of trying to process and learn everything at once, we instead break it into pieces. Covering only a little at a time and gradually putting the pieces together kind of like a puzzle. Cramming is often a studying habit that most college students, as well as high school students, turn to the night before an exam. In Shelby McIntyre and J. Michael Munson’s journal entry â€Å"Exploring Cramming Student Behaviors, Beliefs, and Learning Retention in the Principle of MarketingShow MoreRelatedHow Cognitive Load Affects The Brain Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pagesexam. Cognitive load not only impacts how much an individual can remember at the moment, but it also impacts how much an individual can remember over time. While some students believe cramming before a big exam is the best for them, studies on how cognitive load impacts the brain say otherwise. 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Participant Observation Free Essays

Participant Observation Sports are important social mediums in our country, but basketball is the only sport where you can go to almost any park and play with complete strangers. While other sports involve diverse equipment and numerous amounts of players, basketball is a quick and easy game that only takes a court and a ball. While using the participant observation method, one can easily see how pickup basketball becomes a common stage for social interaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Participant Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now While my original perspective of the sport was that of a friendly natured game among neighbors with a competitive aspect, my notes and observations revealed how diverse individuals who meet on the court can sometimes become aggressive to the point of hostility. As a gym member of 24 Hour Fitness, I regularly play basketball in their indoor gym. I chose the location in Hermosa Beach because of the diversity of players that attend there. Using the participant observation method, I was both observing and participating while taking notes (obviously not while playing, for that would be an incredible feat). In a time span of two hours, I ended up playing three games while observing six other games. The location I visited was crowded, while ten players were on the court (five against five), about twenty people were waiting on the sidelines throughout the night; however, this number changed as people grew either tired or impatient. On the sidelines was a list of names for people who wanted to play next. This called for a more organized system of who had next compared to parks where people keep track of who verbally called next. I found that about half of the players at the gym were African-American, while the rest of the players were mixed evenly between Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic. Certain players, based on body shape and skill level, were given different roles throughout the game. The ages of the players seemed to be mostly late twenties to early thirties, and at no point throughout my two hours being there did a woman enter the gym. Just as the demographics of the players were diverse, so was the gameplay. Some games were dominated by one key player, who scores most of the points, while other teams had strong team chemistry and relied on passing to the open player. I also noticed that when a team is dominated by one player that team usually ends up losing. The team that I played on was very pass oriented, while the team we played against was dominated by only two players. The other team assumed that since their other players were short and small, that they weren’t athletic enough to receive the ball, and because of this our team was able to double team the players who didn’t pass as much. Players match up to other players based on skill and body size, which is why I was guarded by someone very similar to me. I noticed that the biggest factor was height, meaning our tallest player guarded their tallest player while our shortest player guarded their shortest player. However, during almost every game players make switches according to skill level in order to have a more sufficient defense. Another important aspect of the game of pickup basketball is respect. When players call foul, even if they disagree with the call, the allow them to get the ball back. During game two, a person called foul but the player on the other team disagreed. As they began to argue about whether it was a foul or not, a teammate yelled out â€Å"respect the call†. After that he stopped arguing and gave him the ball. After I played, during the sixth game, a similar situation occurred in a more dramatic way. One player jumped and caught the ball, but flipped over another player, and landed straight on his back. After everyone saw he got up and was ok, the player through the ball â€Å"up top†, so they could check the ball out and play again. A player on the opposite team began to argue saying that he shouldn’t get the ball because his own player fouled him. After much hostile and loud arguing, I heard the injured player say, â€Å"if you really are that thirsty for the ball you can have it, if you really are that desperate for a win†. Everybody on the court agreed that the players allegation was a little too strict for a simple game of pickup basketball, and extreme competitiveness is frowned upon. Throughout the rest of the game the team did not pass it to him once, and before the game ended he quit. He became the focus of discussion for the rest of the night, as people began to criticize him behind his back. From my own personal experience, heated arguments over calls are not that uncommon in the sport of basketball, but usually from those with strong outgoing personalities. For the most part, the game is a civilized game where both teams compete for the win, and focus on teamwork and strategy. At the end of the day I found my perspective on this game had changed. The competitive nature of the game brought up the question: How important is it to win? I observed that to some people the ules of basketball should be enforced strictly, so that the game is fair. However, the general consensus was that respecting other players safety and calls were more important. Nevertheless, I noticed that almost every game had some sort of argument that entailed. I concluded that there is a certain culture on the court that calls for a fair game and places winning as a priority. The sharp contrast to the other players who were only there for the fun and love of the game brings up questions on whether social or even economic backgrounds are what causes people to become so passionate about a seemingly frivolous game. How to cite Participant Observation, Essays